Monthly Archives: October 2021

Upgrade and migrate Exchange Hybrid Management Server

Same domain?

* Build the new server and point the AutodiscoverInternalURI to the same setting as the existing server
* test connectivity to internet and other points in the domain
* when you’re ready to cut over point your internal DNS, external DNS, to the new server and run the hybrid configuration wizard – add the new server, remove the old one.
* test outlook connectivity and autodiscover

Done.

How to check Linux Server Load?

find the user to kill it or restart http daemon

While this was something I was taught and did at the start of my career, I have since learnt that waiting for a load spike and responding to it in this way is something of an anti-pattern.

My house keeps catching fire – should I install a sprinkler system or try to find out why it keeps happening?

The SOP for load arising from a web server is different from the SOP for an application server is different from the SOP for a database server. If you are running (say) a LAMP server then you have all those problems on the same box.

check for spamming

Erk! If people can use your host for a purpose you didn’t intend, then you’ve failed regardless of the load.

or brute force attacks

There are lots of tools to prevent that. I use fail2ban on my edge for HTTP[S] traffic.

Sometimes I would see mysql user causing the load spikes

Then you need to start by analyzing the query performance, optimizing the database and the IO paths.

How to identify version of Redhat Enterprise Linux? Root & No root – Explained

This post is about identifying to know which version of RedHat Enterprise Linux commonly known as RHEL in the system administration and linux work.

Here is the root guide:

If you have root on a shell just run

cat /etc/redhat-release

That will show you definitively what version you have.

Here is the non root version:

That looks like a classic GNOME desktop. It’s still available in current versions of RHEL.
If you look at the screenshot for Classic GNOME you will see the same downward arrows next to the menus, which aren’t present in other versions of the RedHat desktop.

So, my guess is that this is either a customized GNOME desktop with a RedHat theme, or Classic GNOME running on RHEL 7 or 8. It could be older than that, as GNOME themes are easily changed.

If it wasn’t just a picture you could easily check the contents of /etc/*release or run “lsb_release -a”, which are the standard ways to identify an OS which complies with the Linux Standards Base. Sadly, you can’t do that with a screenshot.